# How Bunker Suppliers Find New Customers Before Arrival > How bunker suppliers find new customers by reading ETAs, identifying the company behind each vessel and reaching procurement and chartering roles before the stem is fixed. URL: https://vesselreach.si/blog/how-bunker-suppliers-find-new-customers-before-arrival | Published: 2026-10-31 | Updated: 2026-11-02 | Guide | Topic: Segment playbooks (bunkering) ## At a glance - **What: What is happening in the bunker market?** Verde Marine Energy has added bunker barges in the ARA region, including a dedicated barge for HSFO supply, serving Flushing, Terneuzen and Ghent, according to Hellenic Shipping News. ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/verde-marine-expands-bunker-fleet/)) - **Who: Who is expanding alternative fuel capacity?** CMB.TECH plans to expand its ammonia-capable fleet to 21 vessels by 2029 and expects third-party demand to underpin the Walvis Bay ammonia bunkering terminal, its chief technology officer told ENGINE. ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/future-fuel-talks-ammonia-bunkering-needs-customers-beyond-early-adopters-cmb-tech/)) - **Where: Where did a Maersk vessel complete a first ethanol bunkering?** A Maersk vessel made a first ethanol bunkering and voyage in the US, described by Hellenic Shipping News as a landmark for WinGD and a sign of demand for new fuel grades. ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/ethanol-debut-for-wingd-as-maersk-vessel-makes-landmark-us-bunkering-and-voyage/)) - **How: How can arrival times be predicted from AIS data?** A 2022 paper in the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal tested machine learning methods, from linear regression to neural networks, to predict vessel arrival times from AIS data and used the buffers in berth scheduling. ([Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal (Springer Science+Business Media)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-022-09462-x)) [Bunker suppliers](https://vesselreach.si/blog/russia-diesel-export-ban-extended-bunker-impact) find new customers by working vessel arrivals backwards: read ETAs for your ports, identify the owner, manager or charterer behind each vessel, then contact the procurement and chartering roles who decide where the stem is fixed. That conversation has to start weeks before the ship berths. If you only learn about a ship on the day it docks, you are quoting against decisions already made. ## Start with arrivals and ETAs, not a cold list Arrivals and expected arrivals are the earliest usable sales signal a bunker supplier gets, because the stem is normally fixed before the vessel reaches port. Arrival prediction is a studied problem. A 2022 paper in the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal tested machine learning methods, from linear regression to neural networks, for predicting vessel arrival times from AIS data and used the resulting time buffers in berth scheduling ([Springer](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-022-09462-x)). A 2021 paper in IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems showed that historical AIS observations can predict vessel trajectories several hours ahead ([IEEE](https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3096873)). For a supplier the point is simpler than the modelling. ETAs move, so a routine that re-reads them daily beats a list built once a quarter. Our guide to [turning port call arrivals into a sales call plan](https://vesselreach.si/blog/port-call-arrivals-turn-etas-into-a-sales-call-plan) sets out that routine. ## Identify the company behind the vessel The ship is not the customer. The entity that fixes the bunkers may be the owner, the technical manager, the operator or a time charterer, and only one of them negotiates your quote. - **Owner or manager:** controls the technical specification, the fuel grade and often the supplier approval list. - **Charterer:** on a time charter, usually pays for bunkers and chooses where to stem. - **Operator or commercial desk:** sets the voyage and the port rotation that creates the window. Getting this wrong wastes both sides' time. The Maritime Executive notes that when a vessel needs a spare part, someone ashore owns the problem and has to find a supplier, compare quotes and check lead time ([The Maritime Executive](https://maritime-executive.com/article/maritime-procurement-where-the-cost-is-really-set)). Bunker procurement works the same way: a named person ashore carries the decision. ## Who pays for the bunkers, and why it changes your contact On a voyage charter the shipowner pays for the fuel, because the charterer only hires the ship and her crew. On a time charter the charterer usually pays, so the stem is fixed by the charterer's operations or chartering desk rather than the owner's technical office. Check the fixture before you write. In practice that means two different first messages. To an owner's technical desk, lead with grade, specification and approval status. To a charterer's operations desk, lead with port coverage, delivery window and price visibility. Sedna and Nereus have put daily bunker prices for more than 450 ports into the conversations behind voyage decisions, so chartering teams can check prices without leaving their working environment ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/sedna-and-nereus-bring-daily-bunker-prices-for-more-than-450-ports-into-the-conversations-behind-voyage-decisions/)). Price visibility sits closer to the voyage decision, which shortens the window in which a supplier can influence it. ## Find the procurement and chartering contacts by role Bunker decisions sit with a small number of roles, and each wants a different message. RoleWhat they decideWhat to send first Bunker or fuel procurementSupplier, grade and stem timingAvailability, grades and delivery window Technical or purchasing superintendentFuel quality and approvalSpecification, certificates, sample policy Chartering and operationsWhere the stem is fixedPort coverage and ETA flexibility Fleet or C-suiteFramework and credit termsCompany profile and references Fuel consumption is a large share of a ship's operating cost, so a 2023 study in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering built an integrated model of bunker procurement and vessel scheduling to handle price volatility and consumption together ([MDPI](https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050894)). Buyers treat the stem as a cost decision, not a formality. ## Stage the outreach instead of blasting a list Staged outreach means one relevant contact at a time, in a sequence, with each message carrying something useful for that vessel and that port. 1. **Signal:** a tanker or bulker is due at your port within the coming days. 2. **Company:** confirm whether the owner, manager or charterer buys the bunkers. 3. **First contact:** a short email naming the vessel, the port and your availability. 4. **Second channel:** WhatsApp or a call to the same person, not a new name. 5. **Follow-up:** a reminder before the ETA window closes, then stop if there is no interest. Consent and preference rules apply on every channel. Our post on [WhatsApp consent in maritime sales](https://vesselreach.si/blog/can-you-whatsapp-a-technical-superintendent-consent-by-channel) covers what to check before you message. ## Where the market is moving next New fuels widen the supplier list a buyer considers. CMB.TECH plans to expand its ammonia-capable fleet to 21 vessels by 2029 and expects third-party demand to underpin the Walvis Bay ammonia bunkering terminal, its chief technology officer told ENGINE ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/future-fuel-talks-ammonia-bunkering-needs-customers-beyond-early-adopters-cmb-tech/)). On the conventional side, Verde Marine Energy has added bunker barges in the ARA region, including a dedicated barge for HSFO supply, serving Flushing, Terneuzen and Ghent ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/verde-marine-expands-bunker-fleet/)). A first ethanol bunkering and voyage by a Maersk vessel in the US shows the same drift towards new grades ([Hellenic Shipping News](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/ethanol-debut-for-wingd-as-maersk-vessel-makes-landmark-us-bunkering-and-voyage/)). Capacity and fuel range are expanding, so the supplier who reaches the buyer first with a specific, credible offer gets the conversation. ## How VesselReach helps VesselReach, built by CatalystIQ, turns vessel movements at your chosen ports into named conversations before the stem is fixed. - **Vessel intelligence:** vessels near your ports plus scheduled and expected arrivals, which means you can open the conversation while the charterer is still choosing a port. - **AI company targeting and decision-maker discovery:** the platform identifies the company behind each vessel and finds procurement, chartering, technical and fleet roles, which means fewer messages sent to the wrong desk. - **Staged email, WhatsApp and phone outreach with automated follow-ups:** each prospect gets a sequence on the channel they use, which means follow-up happens without a spreadsheet. Book a VesselReach demo and see the workflow on your own ports; a 10-day free trial follows the demo. [Bunker suppliers](https://vesselreach.si/blog/biofuel-bunker-prices-rotterdam-b30-premium-collapse) can start from the [VesselReach page for bunker suppliers](https://vesselreach.si/solutions/bunker-suppliers). ## Key facts - According to a 2022 paper in the Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal, machine learning methods ranging from linear regression to neural networks were tested for predicting vessel arrival times from AIS data, and the resulting time buffers were used in berth scheduling (2022). ([Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal (Springer Science+Business Media)](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-022-09462-x)) - According to a 2021 paper in IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, historical AIS observations can be used to predict vessel trajectories several hours ahead (2021). ([IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems](https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3096873)) ## Frequently asked questions ### How do bunker suppliers find new customers before a vessel arrives? They read ETAs and AIS signals for their ports, identify whether the owner, manager or charterer buys the fuel, then contact procurement and chartering roles weeks before the ship berths. VesselReach automates the arrival-to-contact part of that workflow. ### Who pays for bunkers on a voyage charter versus a time charter? On a voyage charter the shipowner pays for the fuel, because the charterer only hires the ship and her crew. On a time charter the charterer usually pays, so your first message should go to the charterer's operations desk. ### Why does the bunker stem get fixed before the vessel reaches port? Bunker fuel is a large share of a ship's operating cost, so buyers treat the stem as a cost decision tied to the voyage plan. A 2023 study in the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering modelled procurement and scheduling together for that reason. ([Source](https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050894)) ### What are the three types of bunkering? Bunkering is commonly grouped by how the fuel is delivered: alongside at a berth, by bunker barge or tanker at anchorage, and by road tanker for smaller deliveries. Which one applies depends on the port and the supplier's equipment. ### How long should you keep the bunker delivery note onboard? The bunker delivery note is the record of the fuel supplied and its sulphur content, and it supports emissions reporting. Keep it with the vessel's fuel documentation so the figures can be checked against the ship's reporting. ### Which roles should a bunker supplier contact first? Start with fuel procurement for supplier, grade and stem timing, and technical or purchasing superintendents for quality and approval. Chartering and operations decide where the stem is fixed, and fleet or C-suite contacts set framework and credit terms. ## Sources 1. [Deep Learning Methods for Vessel Trajectory Prediction Based on Recurrent Neural Networks](https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2021.3096873), IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2021-07-21 2. [Robust berth scheduling using machine learning for vessel arrival time prediction](https://doi.org/10.1007/s10696-022-09462-x), Flexible Services and Manufacturing Journal (Springer Science+Business Media), 2022-09-01 3. [Sedna and Nereus bring daily bunker prices for more than 450 ports into the conversations behind voyage decisions](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/sedna-and-nereus-bring-daily-bunker-prices-for-more-than-450-ports-into-the-conversations-behind-voyage-decisions/), Hellenic Shipping News, 2026-10-20 4. [Maritime Procurement: Where the Cost is Really Set](https://maritime-executive.com/article/maritime-procurement-where-the-cost-is-really-set), The Maritime Executive, 2026-10-22 5. [Future Fuel Talks: Ammonia bunkering needs customers beyond early adopters – CMB.TECH](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/future-fuel-talks-ammonia-bunkering-needs-customers-beyond-early-adopters-cmb-tech/), Hellenic Shipping News, 2026-10-19 6. [Ethanol debut for WinGD as Maersk vessel makes landmark US bunkering and voyage](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/ethanol-debut-for-wingd-as-maersk-vessel-makes-landmark-us-bunkering-and-voyage/), Hellenic Shipping News, 2026-10-19 7. [Verde Marine expands bunker fleet](https://www.hellenicshippingnews.com/verde-marine-expands-bunker-fleet/), Hellenic Shipping News, 2026-10-22 ## More on this topic How do bunker suppliers find new customers? They work backwards from the vessel. Bunker suppliers read expected arrivals and ETAs at their ports, work out whether the owner, manager or charterer actually buys the fuel, and contact the procurement and chartering people who decide where the stem is fixed. Outreach is staged: one relevant person, a short email naming the vessel and port, then WhatsApp or a call, then a follow-up before the ETA window closes. Consent rules apply on every channel. New fuels and new barge capacity are widening the buyer list, so the supplier who starts the conversation earliest is the one on the shortlist. Bunker procurement is decided ashore, by named roles rather than by the ship. Fuel procurement chooses the supplier, grade and stem timing; the technical or purchasing superintendent controls fuel quality and the approval list; chartering and operations fix where the stem is taken. On a time charter the charterer usually pays for bunkers, while the owner or manager sets the specification. Because a stem is normally fixed before the vessel berths, expected arrivals and AIS signals at your ports are the earliest usable sales signal, and ETAs move, so they are re-read daily. New fuels widen the buyer list: CMB.TECH's ammonia-capable fleet and Verde Marine Energy's HSFO barge in the ARA region both point to earlier, more specific offers. --- VesselReach, built by CatalystIQ. CatalystIQ Data Classification and Analysis Services, Al Qusais, Dubai, P.O. Box 129882, United Arab Emirates. info@catalystiq.ae, +971 58 599 7894. Book a demo: https://vesselreach.si/#demo. Pricing: contact us for a quote (https://vesselreach.si/pricing).